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Aqueous/organic solvents electrolytes are most commonly used in current commercial electrochemical gas sensors. However, these conventional electrolytes are prone to drying out which limit the device life time. Ionic liquids (ILs) are attractive “green” (environmentally friendly) solvents and have negligible vapour pressure (they will never evaporate), wide electrochemical window, thermal stability, and wide range of solubilities. We are developing arrays of IL microdroplets which are applied for detect of gaseous coumpounds released from numerous anthropogenic sources including waste water, sewage treatment, farms and industry. These sensors are small, specific to the target gas, sensitive, fast in response and portable.

Neural prostheses are a series of devices that can substitute a motor, sensory or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease. The success of Cochlear implants has been appreciated by over 170,000 children and adults worldwide for hearing loss treatment. The design of next-generation bionic ear and eye devices requires greater numbers of microelectrode array. We have developed an effective way to improve the microelectrode performance for high-resolution and site-specific neural prostheses through the Bionic Vision Australia program and an ARC likage grant with the world-leading heraing implant company, Cochlear Ltd.

Amino acids are key building blocks for polymeric macromolecules, especially proteins. Recently, we have discovered the world's first amino acid semiconductor formed as a charge transfer compound between neutral L-proline and tetracyanoquinodimethane. This discovery offers enormous potential for development of other biomaterials with semiconducting properties, and would provide biomimetic surfaces for "tethering" biomolecules which can be employed in biosensing and bioreactor applications.

Amino acids are key building blocks for polymeric macromolecules, especially proteins. Recently, we have discovered the world's first amino acid semiconductor formed as a charge transfer compound between neutral L-proline and tetracyanoquinodimethane. This discovery offers enormous potential for development of other biomaterials with semiconducting properties, and would provide biomimetic surfaces for "tethering" biomolecules which can be employed in biosensing and bioreactor applications.

Biosensors can use biological recognition elements (DNA, proteins, cells...) to detect specific molecules typically at low concentrations. When such sensors are fabricated into micro- and nano-metre scale, their performance can be dramatically improved because of increased mass transport, decreased background current and reduced ohmic drop. We utilize modern micro- and nano-fabrication techniques to generate two types of sensor device: (i) Array sensors, an assembly of microsensors operated in parallel; and (ii) Sensor arrays, independent addressable microsensors used to construct multianalyte sensors.